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Why calculate the luminance uniformity of wet road surfaces?

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Why is it necessary to calculate the luminance uniformity of wet road surfaces?

Recently, someone asked me why there are two values of Uo in the road lighting requirements given by the client.
Indeed, why are there two Uo values?
Why calculate the luminance uniformity of wet road surfaces?
The road lighting standard we are most familiar with is the CJJ45-2015 “Design Standard for Urban Road Lighting,” which is widely used in our country. In this standard, Uo refers to the overall uniformity of road surface luminance.
Uo reference image
Moreover, there is only one Uo value in this standard.
So, why does the aforementioned client’s request include two Uo values?
This leads us to the international standard CIE115/EN13201.
In the requirements provided by the client, the road classification is A1, which immediately indicates that the applicable road classification standard is EN13201-1:2004. Those who have used DIALux 4.13 should be quite familiar with this standard.
Only in the EN13201:2004 road classification is there an A1 level.
EN13201 A1 level classification
By the time we reach 13201-1:2014, the road classifications have changed completely.
Changes in road classification EN13201-1:2014
The illumination standard corresponding to 13201-1:2014 is EN 13201-2:2003, where the roadway lighting standards are as follows.
Road lighting standard EN 13201-2:2003
Wait, there is still only one overall luminance uniformity Uo. So, where is the other Uo? Don’t worry, if we look closely at the table, it specifies dry road surface conditions, which means there is also a standard for wet road surfaces.
Dry vs. Wet road surface standards
Correct, the standard level for a dry roadway surface is ME, while the standard for a wet roadway surface is MEW, where the “W” stands for wet.
Standard levels for dry and wet surfaces
In this table, we find two Uo values: one for dry conditions with a minimum Uo value of no less than 0.4 and another for wet conditions with a minimum Uo value of no less than 0.15.
Uo values for dry and wet road conditions
Since this is based on the EN13201-2:2003 standard, it means that illumination calculations can be completed using DIALux 4.13, which integrates the road lighting standards from 13201-2:2003. If using the 2015 version, DIALux evo would be required.
Now let’s try to calculate the lighting for this road according to the conditions.
Initial road lighting calculation setup
According to client requirements, select the new street design case in the English interface, and then set the road conditions.
Road condition settings in DIALux
After setting the road conditions, select the luminaire photometric distribution. Based on the four-lane dual-directional road width, we prioritize Type III distribution and select either M or S distribution based on the ratio of pole spacing to pole height.
Luminaire photometric distribution selection
↑ This distribution is provided by DARKOO, featuring a glass lens material.
Importing selected luminaire distribution files
Import the selected luminaire photometric file and arrange the luminaires as per the client’s requirements.
Set the lighting standards and verify if the standard values match the requirements.
Set the optimization conditions and proceed with the optimization.
Optimization settings in DIALux
Optimized results display
The optimization results indicate that the Over hang between 1-2m satisfies the requirements. We will choose the shortest Over hang to save on pole material.
Import the results and calculate the final outcome.
Final results of the lighting calculation
This yields the calculation results that meet the client’s conditions, allowing us to export the report.
At this point, some may question why there are no requirements for wet road surfaces in domestic road lighting standards. Is it necessary to calculate for wet surfaces?
Actually, the “CJJ 45-2015 Design Standard for Urban Road Lighting” mentions that “the illumination indicators under dry conditions do not meet those under wet conditions. For instance, the overall uniformity of brightness, where a dry condition Uo of 0.4 makes it very difficult to reach 0.2 under wet conditions, yet no standard values for wet road surfaces are given.
The road surface standards in CIE115/EN13201 are set in accordance with CIE 47-1979 “Road Lighting for Wet Conditions.” This standard includes 4 tables in the R series, 4 in the N series, 2 in the C series, and 4 in the W series, to meet rough road surface luminance calculation needs.
However, most of these standard data tables originate from studies conducted by European scientists in the 1960s and 1970s on typical road materials of that time, which differ significantly from the road materials currently in widespread use in China. Due to the lack of research on the reflective characteristics of road materials domestically, there is currently no standard reflectance data for road materials in China. Thus, our domestic standards have not set illumination standards for wet road surfaces.
Of course, this does not imply that the illumination indicators for wet road surfaces are unimportant; in fact, they are quite crucial.
Importance of wet road surface illumination
As shown in the above image, the last image’s luminance uniformity for wet road surfaces differs greatly from that of dry road surfaces, significantly affecting drivers.
Friends who have driven on rainy nights should all have the experience that the visibility on rainy roads is indeed very poor.
Visibility on wet roads during rain
Thus, there should be standards for road surface illumination indicators for wet conditions.
太阳能路灯显色指数

太阳能路灯显色指数 (CRI) 应用指南 - 制造商的视角

/于 , /由

了解太阳能路灯的显色指数 (CRI)

显色指数（CRI）是评估太阳能路灯光源显色性能的重要参数。显色指数越高，色彩还原性越好，视觉效果越接近自然光。本文分析了不同类型光源的显色指数值及其对视觉质量的影响。

作为太阳能路灯制造商，我们深知 CRI 直接影响照明效果和用户体验。下面，我们将从技术原理、场景适应和产品选择等方面提供实用建议。

太阳能路灯显色指数

1.光源类型和显色特性比较

光源类型CRI (Ra)光谱特性适应性评估（太阳系）
白炽灯95-100连续光谱，但缺少蓝光显色性最好，但效率只有 15lm/W，需要 3 倍电池容量，现已淘汰
荧光灯60-85线光谱，缺少红光低温下难以启动（-10℃亮度下降 40%），不适用于寒冷地区
高压钠灯20-25窄光谱黄光，色彩严重失真100lm/W+ 效率，仅用于偏远的低成本项目
LED 灯70-98可调节的全光谱/分段光谱主流选择，高 CRI 型号提供 130lm/W+ 的效率，能耗可控

2.太阳能路灯显色指数对实际效果的影响

安全性和功能性

  • 低 CRI（Ra15（国际要求 ΔE<5），人脸识别距离缩短 30%。
  • 高显色指数（Ra≥80）：植被层次由 50% 改善，减少夜间 "阴森恐怖 "的抱怨。

经济与能效

  • Ra 每增加 10 点：需要增加 8% 的电池容量（例如，50W 街灯 Ra70→Ra80 需要增加 10Ah 电池）。
  • 成本平衡：高显色指数 LED 的溢价约为 0.8-1.2 元/W，但维护周期延长 2-3 年。

商业价值

  • Ra≥90：产品色彩饱和度增加 18%，夜间消费者转化率增加 12%（商业广场测量数据）。

太阳能路灯显色指数

3.基于情景的选择方案

应用场景建议 Ra 值关键技术解决方案成本敏感性
郊区主干道70-753000K 暖白光 + 不对称透镜，减少蓝光溢出★★☆☆☆
旧住宅区80-85R9 辅助光芯片（深红色修复）+ 防眩光设计★★★☆☆
文化旅游景观带90-95全光谱 LED + RGBCW 智能色彩调节，还原古建筑纹理★★★★☆
工业园区65-70高效率低 CRI 型号，强调均匀照明★☆☆☆☆

工程建议：

  • 关键区域测试：使用 X-Rite CA410 分光光度计测量 R9（深红色）和 R12（深蓝色）的性能。
  • 混合解决方案：基本模块 (Ra70) + 关键辅助照明模块 (Ra90)，兼顾成本和效果。

4.技术优化和质量控制点

光谱增强技术

  • 紫光激发 LED：光谱的连续性和与太阳光的相似性达到 92%，Ra≥95，蓝光峰值降低了 40%。
  • 动态调光：在低流量期间自动切换到低显色指数模式（Ra85→70），可延长电池寿命 30%。

衰减控制

  • 年衰减标准：优质产品 CRI 年衰减≤1.5，劣质产品可达 5-8 点。
  • 补偿电路：内置电流调节模块，可抵消 LED 芯片老化导致的显色性下降。

光学设计

  • 复合透镜：二次配光减少无效散射，有效显色光增加 15%。

5.用户购买建议

  1. 认证标准：要求提供 CIE S 025/E:2015 测试报告，重点是 Rf（保真度）和 Rg（色域指数）。
  2. 保修条款：选择承诺 "5 年内 Ra 下降≤3 "的制造商，优先选择支持模块化升级的产品。
  3. 现场验证：安装前使用标准色卡（如 ColorChecker 24 色卡）比较照明效果。

案例参考：某古镇项目使用 Ra95+R9>60 的 LED，夜间游客停留时间增加 1.2 小时，商店收入增加 18%。

作为生产商，我们建议用户根据实际需求选择 "够用、经济 "的显色方案，避免盲目追求高参数带来的成本浪费。对于客户定制的解决方案，我们可以提供光谱模拟和能耗计算服务。

标签太阳能路灯显色指数

卢克斯曼 太阳能路灯制造商

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